1. Tables: A table is a collection of related data stored in rows and columns. For example, an Employee table may contain columns for employee ID, name, salary, and department.
2. Views: A view is a virtual table that contains data from one or more tables. For example, a view can be created to display only the employees in the Sales department.
3. Indexes: An index is an optional structure associated with a table to speed up the retrieval of data. For example, an index can be created on the Employee table to quickly look up an employee’s record based on their employee ID.
4. Sequences: A sequence is a database object used to generate unique numeric values. For example, a sequence can be used to generate the next employee ID for a new hire.
5. Synonyms: A synonym is an alias for a database object. For example, a synonym can be created for the Employee table so that it can be referenced using a different name.
6. Stored Procedures: A stored procedure is a set of SQL commands that are stored in the database and can be executed as a single unit. For example, a stored procedure can be used to calculate the total salary for all employees in a given department.
7. Triggers: A trigger is a stored procedure that is executed automatically when a data manipulation event occurs. For example, a trigger can be used to automatically update the salary of an employee when their job title is changed.