One of the biggest challenges I have faced when using Chef is dealing with the complexity of the language. Chef is written in Ruby, and while Ruby is a relatively simple language to learn, Chef adds additional complexity by introducing its own specific syntax and conventions. For example, the syntax for creating a resource in Chef is very different from the syntax used in other programming languages, and it can be difficult to remember all the different syntax rules and conventions. Additionally, Chef is a very powerful tool, so it can be difficult to know which specific resources and attributes to use for a given task. This can lead to confusion and frustration when trying to troubleshoot an issue or debug a recipe.