The basic components of an Arduino board are:
1. Microcontroller: This is the brain of the board and is responsible for executing instructions. Examples: ATmega328, ATmega2560, ESP32.
2. Input/Output (I/O) pins: These are used to connect the board to various sensors, motors, and other devices. Examples: Digital pins, Analog pins, PWM pins.
3. Power supply: This provides the board with the necessary power to operate. Examples: USB port, DC power jack, Battery connector.
4. Oscillator: This is used to generate a clock signal for the microcontroller. Examples: Crystal oscillator, Resonator.
5. Reset Button: This allows the user to reset the board when needed.
6. LEDs: These provide visual feedback and indicate the board’s current state. Examples: Power LED, Status LED.