Normalization in database design is the process of organizing data into tables in such a way that the results of using the database are always unambiguous and as intended. It is a systematic approach of decomposing tables to eliminate data redundancy (repetition) and undesirable characteristics such as Insertion, Update and Deletion Anomalies.

For example, consider a table that stores both customer information and order information. If the data is not properly normalized, the customer information may be repeated in each row of the orders table. This could lead to data integrity issues, such as incorrect customer information being updated in one row but not the other. Normalization would break this table into two separate tables, one for customer information and one for order information, and create a relationship between them. This would ensure that customer information is only stored once and is consistent across all orders.

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