Sharding in MongoDB is a method for distributing data across multiple machines. It is a method for horizontal scaling, which allows a large dataset to be split across multiple servers or shards.
For example, let’s say you have a large dataset that is stored in a single MongoDB collection. To scale this dataset, you can use sharding to split the collection into multiple shards, each residing on a separate server. This would allow you to distribute the data across multiple machines, allowing for improved performance and scalability.