1. ACID Compliance: PostgreSQL is an ACID-compliant database management system, meaning that it guarantees the integrity of data and transactions. For example, if a transaction fails due to an error, the system will automatically roll back the transaction, restoring the database to its original state.
2. Object-Relational Database: PostgreSQL is an object-relational database, meaning that it combines the features of both object-oriented and relational databases. This allows for more efficient data storage and manipulation. For example, PostgreSQL can store complex data types such as JSON and XML, as well as complex objects like user-defined types.
3. Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC): PostgreSQL uses MVCC to manage concurrent access to the database. This ensures that multiple users can access the same data without interfering with each other. For example, if two users are trying to update the same data, one user’s changes will not overwrite the other user’s changes.
4. Extensibility: PostgreSQL is highly extensible, meaning that users can add custom functions and data types. This allows users to customize the database to their specific needs. For example, a user could create a custom data type to store geographical coordinates.
5. High Performance: PostgreSQL is highly optimized for performance, allowing it to handle large amounts of data with minimal latency. For example, PostgreSQL can handle millions of transactions per second on a single server.